Candie cooper biography sample
Citizen Science: Theory and Practice
Research Papers
- Tina Phillips
- Norman Porticella
- Mark Constas
- Rick Bonney
Abstract
Since first being introduced in the mid 1990s, the term “citizen science”—the intentional engagement of the public in scientific research—has seen phenomenal growth as measured by the number of projects developed, people involved, and articles published. In addition to contributing to scientific knowledge, many citizen science projects attempt to achieve learning outcomes among their participants, however, little guidance is available for practitioners regarding the types of learning that can be supported through citizen science or the measuring of learning outcomes. This study provides empirical data to understand how intended learning outcomes first described by the informal science education field have been employed and measured within the citizen science field. We also present a framework for describing learning outcomes that should help citizen science practitioners, researchers, and evaluators in designing projects and in studying and evaluating their impacts. This is a first step in building evaluation capacity across the field of citizen science.
Introduction
Citizen science, defined here as public participation in scientific research, was originally conceived as a method for gathering large amounts of data across time and space (Bonney et al. 2009b). For decades or even centuries, citizen science has contributed to knowledge and understanding about far-ranging scientific topics, questions, and issues (Miller-Rushing et al. 2012). More recently, citizen science practitioners—those who conceive, develop, and implement citizen science projects—have sought not only to achieve science research outcomes but also to elicit learning and behavioral outcomes for participants (Bonney et al. 2016; Phillips et al. 2014).
Many proponents of citizen science argue that participating directly in the scientific pr General Biography Practice Areas & Industries Appellate Business Commercial Construction Defect Cybersecurity & Privacy Employment Law Entertainment & Sports Environmental Law Family Law Health Care Higher Education & Title IX Insurance Intellectual Property Product Liability Professional Liability Real Property Honors, Memberships, and Professional Activities Background and Education Hon. Candace Cooper (Ret.) has nearly three decades of judicial experience and has earned a reputation as a highly accomplished judge with a common sense approach to resolving disputes. Justice Cooper brings an ideal temperament and a wealth of legal expertise in handling complex, often highly publicized cases. She served for nine years on the California Court of Appeal, Second District, most recently as Presiding Justice of Division Eight from 2001-2008, and as a Superior and Municipal Court judge prior to that. Justice Cooper has also served on the Los Angeles Superior Court for 12 years, handling a variety of assignments, ranging from court management, civil master calendar and civil trials to felony criminal and death penalty trials to juvenile dependency and delinquency. Justice Cooper also served as a faculty member for the Continuing Judicial Studies Program, the Judicial College and the New Judges Orientation, teaching courses in evidence, jury selection, fairness and elimination of bias. Mass arsenic poisoning in England Cartoon in Punch, November 1858 In 1858 a batch of sweets in Bradford, England, was accidentally adulterated with poisonous arsenic trioxide. About five pounds (two kilograms) of sweets were sold to the public, leading to around 20 deaths and over 200 people suffering the effects of arsenic poisoning. The adulteration of food had been practised in Britain since before the Middle Ages, but from 1800, with increasing urbanisation and the rise in shop-purchased food, adulterants became a growing problem. With the cost of sugar high, replacing it with substitutes was common. For the sweets produced in Bradford, the confectioner was supposed to purchase powdered gypsum, but a mistake at the wholesale chemist meant arsenic was purchased instead. Three men were arrested—the chemist who sold the arsenic, his assistant and the sweet maker—but all three were acquitted after the judge decided it was all accidental, there was no case for any of them to answer. The deaths led to the Adulteration of Food or Drink Act 1860, although the legislation was criticised for being too ambiguous and the penalties for breaching it too low to act as a deterrent. The deaths were also a factor in the passage of the Pharmacy Act 1868. The adulteration of food had been practised in the Britain since before the Middle Ages, but from 1800, with increasing urbanisation and the rise in shop-purchased food, adulterants became a growing problem. Cost was the reason adulterants were used; sugar, for example, cost 6½ d per pound; the adulterant cost ½ d per pound. The adulteration fell into three categories: firstly were harmless additions, such as chicory in coffee, adding flour to mustard and watering down milk. More serious we Published in final edited form as: Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol. 2018 Feb;44(1):32–55. doi: 10.1111/nan.12453 Awareness and research on epilepsy-related deaths (ERD), in particular Sudden Unexpected Death in Epilepsy (SUDEP), have exponentially increased over the last two decades. Most publications have focused on guidelines that inform clinicians dealing with these deaths, educating patients, potential risk factors and mechanisms. There is a relative paucity of information available for pathologists who conduct these autopsies regarding appropriate post-mortem practice and investigations. As we move from recognizing SUDEP as the most common form of ERD toward in-depth investigations into its causes and prevention, health professionals involved with these autopsies and post-mortem procedure must remain fully informed. Systematizing a more comprehensive and consistent practice of examining these cases will facilitate 1) more precise determination of cause of death, 2) identification of SUDEP for improved epidemiological surveillance (the first step for an intervention study), and 3) bio-banking and cell-based research. This article reviews how pathologists and healthcare professionals have approached ERD, current practices, logistical problems and areas to improve and harmonize. The main neuropathology, cardiac and genetic findings in SUDEP are outlined, providing a framework for best practices, integration of clinical, pathologic and molecular genetic investigations in SUDEP, and ultimately prevention. Keywords: SUDEP, Epilepsy-related death, post-mortem, biobanking Pathologists have long recognised that patients with epilepsy can die suddenly and unexpectedly (‘mors subita’) and that following post-mortem we can be ‘none the wiser’ as to the cause of death [1]. Indeed, in Sommer’s 1880 seminal post-mortem study of the hippocampus in epilepsy, several patients had died suddenly, in s
During her noteworthy career, Justice Cooper has also made tremendous contributions to the legal community through her dedicated involvement in educational and professional associations. She served as president of the California Judges Association from 1988-1989. She was the second African-American, as well as the second woman, to head the nearly 2,000-member voluntary professional association representing all judicial officers throughout the state from the California Supreme Court to the remaining Justice Courts.Representative Matters
1858 Bradford sweets poisoning
Date 30 October 1858 (1858-10-30) Location Bradford, England Cause Arsenic poisoning 200+ Deaths 20 or 21 Background
Abstract
Introduction