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Brittany: It is a permanent impressionist exhibition here; you only have to put your nose outside the door when the weather is fine: it’s Monet all over: violet overalls, green land, orange sky, blue trees, violet, red and pink boats etc. It’s enough to make you mad.— Emile Bernard, (artist and friend of Gauguin)
If you long for the primary-colored world of your kindergarten days, come to Brittany. In northwest France, I found a royal blue sea set with white-sailed skiffs, red and white lighthouses, and red, blue, green and yellow fishing boats gleaming in the sun like enlarged Brio toys. The 18-century cliff top homes have the boxy, symmetry of children’s blocks, making the coastal scenery here one of simplicity and cheer.
This is not what I had expected.
I had mistakenly thought Brittany to be a blustery cold place of gray houses and bleak skies. Yet, everywhere I went, I was taken with the bright, bold beauty of a sunny land filled with traditional delights for the visitor.
An easy train ride from Paris, using my France Rail Pass, two hours and a coffee later I arrive in Brittany’s capital, Rennes, and discover not only was I not in Kansas anymore, I was not in France anymore. With a revival of Brittany’s Celtic culture, radio stations broadcast entirely in the Breton language and, as if to cement the solidarity with their neighbors across the Channel, the twisted medieval streets of half-timbered houses sport Irish pubs and Irish street musicians. I stay in Rennes for a lunch and a stroll, then make a beeline for the museum, the Musée des Beaux Arts, with its lovely Art Nouveau and Modern pieces and my very favorite painting on the planet, Georges de La Tour’s, The Newborn Child.
From Rennes, it’s a brief train ride to perhaps the most breathtaking of French cities: St. Malo. This walled seaport perches at the edge of the Atlantic. The setting is spectacular. From the 16-century mile-long ramp
Abstract
Oxidative stress, characterized by an imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the body’s antioxidant defenses, significantly affects cellular function and viability. It plays a pivotal role in modulating membrane potentials, particularly action potentials (APs), essential for properly functioning excitable cells such as neurons, smooth muscles, pancreatic beta cells, and myocytes. The interaction between oxidative stress and AP dynamics is crucial for understanding the pathophysiology of various conditions, including neurodegenerative diseases, cardiac arrhythmias, and ischemia-reperfusion injuries. This review explores how oxidative stress influences APs, focusing on alterations in ion channel biophysics, gap junction, calcium dynamics, mitochondria, and Interstitial Cells of Cajal functions. By integrating current research, we aim to elucidate how oxidative stress contributes to disease progression and discuss potential therapeutic interventions targeting this interaction.
Keywords: oxidative stress, APs, biophysics, ion channel, pathophysiology
1. Introduction
Oxidative stress occurs when there is an imbalance between the production of ROS and the body’s ability to counteract these harmful molecules with antioxidant defenses. ROS includes singlet oxygen (O2), superoxide (O2), hydroxyl ions (OH), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Nitric oxide (NO) and peroxynitrite (ONOO), also known as reactive nitrogen species (RNS), are free radicals to oxidize biological tissues. The physiological production of ROS and RNS is carefully regulated by antioxidant systems, including glutathione, catalase, and superoxide dismutase, which efficiently neutralize these reactive intermediates to protect biological systems. The increased levels of ROS can damage essential cellular components such as DNA, proteins, and lipids. Such oxidative damage plays a role in developing various chronic diseases such as cardiovascular
Maris Racal
Filipina actress, model and singer
In this Philippine name, the middle name or maternal family name is Cañedo and the surname or paternal family name is Racal.
Maris Racal | |
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| Born | Mariestella Cañedo Racal () September 22, (age&#;27) Tagum, Davao del Norte, Philippines |
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| Years&#;active | –present |
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| Musical career | |
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| Labels | Star Music |
Musical artist | |
Mariestella Cañedo Racal (Tagalog pronunciation:[kaˈɲɛdoɾaˈkal]; born September 22, ), better known as Maris Racal, is a Filipino actress and singer. She came to prominence in after joining Pinoy Big Brother: All In, where she was the Second Big Placer. After her stint in Pinoy Big Brother, Racal signed a deal with Star Magic. She was a former member of It's Showtime's all-girl dance group Girltrends and ASAP's sing-and-dance group BFF5.
Racal's most breakthrough role is the character of Irene Tiu in the ABS-CBN romantic drama series Can't Buy Me Love with her on-screen partner Anthony Jennings.
Early life and education
Mariestella Cañedo Racal was born on September 22, in Tagum, Davao del Norte to Henry and Leony Racal, the fifth of six children. She grew up in Davao del Norte and graduated high school from St. Mary's College in Tagum City. In school, she used to sing the responsorial psalm, sing in mass and sing intermission numbers. She also did cover songs on SoundCloud.
Racal studied medical technology at Trinity University of Asia, but she had to stop due to her busy schedule.
Showbiz career
After Pinoy Big Brother, Racal was launched as part of Star Magic Circle and had been quickly molded as a budding actress, starting off on the drama serie
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