Alfred the great biography assertive community

Cross, Katherine. "4 Byrhtferth’s Historia regum and the Transformation of the Alfredian Past". The Haskins Society Journal 27: 2015. Studies in Medieval History, edited by Laura L. Gathagan, William North, David S. Bachrach, Jesse Izzo, John Slevin, Joyce Hill, Katherine Cross, Katherine L. Hodges-Kluck, Laura Wangerin, Mark E. Blincoe, Martin Millett and Sarah Ifft Decker, Boydell and Brewer: Boydell and Brewer, 2016, pp. 55-78. https://doi.org/10.1515/9781782048664-007

Cross, K. (2016). 4 Byrhtferth’s Historia regum and the Transformation of the Alfredian Past. In L. Gathagan, W. North, D. Bachrach, J. Izzo, J. Slevin, J. Hill, K. Cross, K. Hodges-Kluck, L. Wangerin, M. Blincoe, M. Millett & S. Ifft Decker (Ed.), The Haskins Society Journal 27: 2015. Studies in Medieval History (pp. 55-78). Boydell and Brewer: Boydell and Brewer. https://doi.org/10.1515/9781782048664-007

Cross, K. 2016. 4 Byrhtferth’s Historia regum and the Transformation of the Alfredian Past. In: Gathagan, L., North, W., Bachrach, D., Izzo, J., Slevin, J., Hill, J., Cross, K., Hodges-Kluck, K., Wangerin, L., Blincoe, M., Millett, M. and Ifft Decker, S. ed. The Haskins Society Journal 27: 2015. Studies in Medieval History. Boydell and Brewer: Boydell and Brewer, pp. 55-78. https://doi.org/10.1515/9781782048664-007

Cross, Katherine. "4 Byrhtferth’s Historia regum and the Transformation of the Alfredian Past" In The Haskins Society Journal 27: 2015. Studies in Medieval History edited by Laura L. Gathagan, William North, David S. Bachrach, Jesse Izzo, John Slevin, Joyce Hill, Katherine Cross, Katherine L. Hodges-Kluck, Laura Wangerin, Mark E. Blincoe, Martin Millett and Sarah Ifft Decker, 55-78. Boydell and Brewer: Boydell and Brewer, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1515/9781782048664-007

Cross K. 4 Byrhtferth’s Historia regum and the Transformation of the Alfredian Past. In: Gathagan L, North W, Bachrach D, Izzo J,

Abstract

The work of Alfred Adler’s Individual Psychology arguably applies to contemporary social work practice and education. The tenets of Individual Psychology are reviewed in the context of a historical sketch of Adler's work as a medical doctor, psychoanalyst, and colleague of Freud. His eventual divergence from psychoanalysis to begin his own psychological and education movement which focused on social reform is emphasized. Individual Psychology is examined in detail including original case examples demonstrating his influence on and compatibility with contemporary social work theories. Empirical evidence is provided supporting present-day application of his theory. Adler serves as a much-needed example of a professional who successfully and simultaneously advanced both the micro and macro world of mental health. Adler's contribution deserves to be explicitly included in social work curricula.

Keywords: Adler, Individual psychology, Society, Inferiority complex, Child guidance centers, Social reform, Equality

Introduction

During these highly divisive and turbulent times in current society, the somewhat forgotten wisdom of Alfred Adler and his Individual Psychology movement comes to mind, and seems to beg for a reincarnation of the dialogue which was largely shut down by the Nazi regime. Adler’s work was, in part, an educational movement geared towards bringing people together with its emphasis on the healing power of connection. He found that “false individualism” is at the heart of neurosis and that society as a whole suffers from this faulty ideal (Adler 2013b/1930, p. 29). This article is intended as an exploration of Alfred Adler’s Individual Psychology and argues why it should be explicitly taught in social work curricula.

While Adler and his teaching seem to be woven into actual social work practice, his ideas seem to have become so diffuse that very little seems to be attributed to him. Ellenber

WORKS BY ADLER

SUPPLEMENTARY BIBLIOGRAPHY

Alfred Adler (1870–1937) was the second of six children. His father, Leopold Adler, had come to Vienna from the Burgenland and was a grain merchant; his mother was from Moravia.

Adler was graduated from the University of Vienna Medical School in 1895. Three years later he wrote his first book (1898), in which he indicated the health hazards to which tailors were exposed, stressing the principle that human beings could not be considered in isolation but only in relation to their total environment. Thus, even as a young man of 28, his approach to human problems was holistic, foreshadowing his later basic conceptual approach.

Around 1900, Adler’s chief interest was the study of psychopathological symptoms within the field of general medicine. In 1902, when he wrote a review of Freud’s book on dream interpretation, Freud sent him a postcard inviting him to join his discussion circle. Upon Freud’s assurance that many different views, including Adler’s own, would be discussed, Adler accepted the invitation.

Adler had never agreed with Freud’s theory that early sexual trauma caused mental disease, and he persistently opposed Freud’s method of dream interpretation. The differences between the two men became even more marked after Adler had published, in 1907, his Study of Organ Inferiority and Its Psychical Compensation. In 1911, Adler and nine of his followers left Freud’s circle and developed their own school of thought. The two men never met again. In 1912, Adler named his system Individualpsychologie, and that same year he published The Neurotic Constitution, a book that outlined his main concepts in both their theoretical and practical aspects. In the following years, he lectured extensively, and one of his books, Understanding Human Nature (1927), commonly referred to as a classic and still on the required reading list of several colleges in the United States, is based on the notes of one of his

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