Apan agra biography of mahatma

Satyagraha

Form of nonviolent resistance

For other uses, see Satyagraha (disambiguation).

Satyāgraha (from Sanskrit: सत्याग्रह; satya: "truth", āgraha: "insistence" or "holding firmly to"), or "holding firmly to truth", or "truth force", is a particular form of nonviolent resistance or civil resistance. Someone who practises satyagraha is a satyagrahi.

The term satyagraha was coined and developed by Mahatma Gandhi (1869–1948) as early as 1919. Gandhi practised satyagraha as part of the Indian independence movement and also during his earlier struggles in South Africa for Indian rights. Satyagraha theory influenced Martin Luther King Jr.'s and James Bevel's campaigns during the Civil Rights Movement in the United States, as well as Nelson Mandela's struggle against apartheid in South Africa and many other social-justice and similar movements.

Principles

Gandhi envisioned satyagraha as not only a tactic to be used in acute political struggle but as a universal solvent for injustice and harm.

He founded the Sabarmati Ashram to teach satyagraha. He asked satyagrahis to follow the following principles

  1. Nonviolence (ahimsa)
  2. Truth – this includes honesty, but goes beyond it to mean living fully in accord with and in devotion to that which is true
  3. Not stealing
  4. Non-possession (not the same as poverty)
  5. Body-labour or bread-labour
  6. Control of desires (gluttony)
  7. Fearlessness
  8. Equal respect for all religions
  9. Economic strategy such as boycotts of imported goods (swadeshi)

On another occasion, he listed these rules as "essential for every Satyagrahi in India":

  1. Must have a living faith in God
  2. Must be leading a chaste life and be willing to die or lose all his possessions
  3. Must be a habitual khadi weaver and spinner
  4. Must abstain from alcohol and other intoxicants

Rules for satyagraha campaigns

Gandhi proposed a series of rules for satyagrahis to follow in a re

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    • How Japan aided India in battle against leprosy

    Agra: Mahatma Gandhi was assassinated on January 30, 1948. The day is observed as Martyr’s Day in India. Internationally, it is observed as World Leprosy Day to commemorate the work that Gandhi himself undertook for the leprosy afflicted. Few know that the first leprosy hospital in India was established in 1966 in Agra, with help from Japan.
    In December 2005, India declared that leprosy had been eradicated.The prevalence rate of 0.95/10,000 of population had been achieved. Under international norms, prevalence rate of less than 1/10,000 was deemed as the level at which the disease could be declared eradicated.
    The bacterial disease, spread through cough or droplets from the nose of infected people, has afflicted human populations for thousands of years. It was long considered untreatable and those afflicted were cast out of society.
    In 1873, Norwegian researcher GH Armauer Hansen became the first scientist to discover a disease-causing bacteria, the one responsible for causing leprosy. Leprosy is also called Hansen’s Disease, in his honour. By the 1940s, the first drug against the disease, promin, was available. The disease is now treated with multi-drug therapy. If detected early, the pathogen can be killed and the patient completely cured.
    World Leprosy Day is the occasion to remember the selfless work of Dr Matsuki Miyakazi, who studied war and leprosy and came to the conclusion that stress was an important cause of one falling prey to the bacterial infection that we know by the name leprosy. He was the one to establish the hospital in Agra that was to serve patients of this disease.
    It was thanks to the Tokyo-based voluntary organization Japanese Leprosy Mission for Asia (JALMA) that the hospital was established in 1966 near the east gate of the Taj Mahal. A large plot was made available to the mission by Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru.
    At the hospital, which became a prime example of humanitarian a

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    • “Gandhibhai, do not come near us, we are lepers,” cried a group of people, being approached by Gandhiji on seeing that they were reluctant to join the crowd when he was addressing a gathering at Natal (South Africa) on the occasion of the founding of the Indian Congress. This was just his second experience with Leprosy and it was a shocking incident to him when he listened to the travails of this group of people. They were alone in their suffering and had been rejected by their own families. Gandhiji invited them to his home and cleaned their wounds, gave them food to eat, and heard their life stories and how they survived in the open living in the ruins some distance from the village. He treated not just this group of people but many others. This started one of the other satyagrahas of Gandhiji, the satyagraha to heal and not just treat.

    Gandhiji was a big crusader against leprosy and his concern for this disease was initiated from his own home at Porbandar. At the impressionable age of 13 years he had come into close contact with a man named Ladha Maharaj who used to recite verses from the Ramayana to Gandhiji's sick father. Ladha Maharaj, it was believed, had been completely cured of leprosy by applying Bilwa leaves and regular recital of Ramayana. Such close contact with a man who had suffered from this dreaded disease had helped him overcome his fear of the same and instilled in him a lifelong concern. There are many such incidents throughout his life which express his compassion and tenderness towards leprosy patients.

    The picture of Gandhiji nursing a patient suffering from leprosy is a well-known one. Who was he? He was a learned man, highly respected by Gandhiji, Sh. Parchure Shastri. He was in Yerwada Jail in 1932 along with Gandhiji but was placed in a separate ward for leprosy patient prisoners. Gandhiji had requested the Superintendent for permission to see Parchure Shastri but the prevailing prison laws did not allow that. Thus Gandhiji started

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